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Duck hepatitis virus
==Introduction==
Duck hepatitis is caused by the enteroviruses DHV-1 and DHV-3. It is a fatal disease of ducklings causing opisthotonus and hepatitis. DHV-1 is found worldwide and causes disease in young ducklings, usually <6 weeks of age and spreads rapidly within a flock. It is the most virulent of the DHV species. DHV-3 has only been reported in the USA.
Causing acute and fatal disease in ducklings, ''duck hepatitis virus'', DHV-1, is a ''Picornavirus'' that is distributed all over the world having significant impact on the poultry industry. First being recorded in 1949 in Long Island, New York, it was not until 57 years later in 2006 that the full genome of the pathogen was determined. This genome is composed of 7691 nucleotides and encodes and polyprotein of 2250 amino acids.〔Liu, G., Yanguez, E., & Chen, Z. L. (2011). The duck hepatitis virus 5’-UTR possesses HCVlike IRES activity that is independent of eIF4F complex and modulated by downstream coding sequences. Virology Journal , 8 (147), 1-11〕
''Duck hepatitis virus'', DHV, type 1 (DHV-1), type 1a (DHV-1a), type 2 (DHV-2), and type 3 (DHV-3) are the four types of viruses that can cause disease in ducks. The pathology and pathogenicity between ''duck hepatitis virus'' type 1 and type 1a is, in essence, the same as one another.〔Kim, M.-C., Kwon, Y.-K., Joh, S.-J., Kwon, J.-H., & Lindberg, A. M. (2008). Differential diagnosis between type-specific duck hepatitis virus type 1 (DHV-1) and recent Korean DHV-1-like isolates using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Avian Pathology , 37 (2), 171-177〕
Duck Hepatitis is a Class B disease listed by the ''Office des International Epizooties''. The disease is not considered a zoonosis.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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